Fig. 1
![Fig. 1](http://media.springernature.com/full/springer-static/image/art%3A10.1186%2Fs12951-022-01325-9/MediaObjects/12951_2022_1325_Fig1_HTML.png)
a Chemical structure of A1. b FL spectrum of A1 in THF/water mixture different fw. The concentration of A1 in the mixture is 7Â nM. c I/I0 of A1 in THF/water mixture with different water fractions. d Optimized confirmation of A1 structure from top-view and side-view respectively. e HOMO and LUMO wave functions in the geometrically optimized structures