Fig. 7

SHED-Exo induced autophagy in macrophages via the AKT, ERK1/2, and STAT3 signaling pathway. a THP-1 cells treated with 1 μg/mL LPS, 20 ng/mL exosomes, 5 mM 3-MA, 100 μM rapamycin, 10 μM LY294002, 10 μM U0126, and 10 μM Stattic after PMA stimulation. Western blot results and relative expression levels of LC3, AKT, and FoxO1 proteins per treatment group. n = 3. *P < 0.05; **P < 0.01; ***P < 0.001. b Western blot results and relative expression levels of LC3 and ERK1/2 signaling pathway-related proteins per treatment group. n = 3. *P < 0.05; **P < 0.01; ***P < 0.001. c Western blot results and relative expression levels of LC3 and STAT3 signaling pathway-related proteins per treatment group. n = 3. *P < 0.05; **P < 0.01; ***P < 0.001