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Table 3 Summary of various CNT-based gene delivery studies in plants

From: Engineering plants with carbon nanotubes: a sustainable agriculture approach

CNT type

Plant species

Cargo

Target organ

Delivery method

References

CNTs

N. tabacum

DNA

Protoplast and cell wall

Passive

[190]

CNTs

Arugula, wheat, cotton

Plasmid

Leaves

Passive

[186]

CNTs

N. tabacum

YFP plasmid

Protoplast, leaf

Passive

[188]

CNTs

N. tabacum, Eruca sativa, Triticum aestivum, and Gossypium hirsutum

GFP, Cy3 DNA

Protoplast, leaf

Infiltration with syringe

[185]

CNTs

E. sativa, Nasturtium officinale, N. tabacum, Spinacia oleracea

Plasmid

Mesophyll protoplast

Passive

[45]

CNTs

German chamomile

ssDNA-FITC

Chamomile cells

Ultrasound

[194]

SWCNT

Arabidopsis thaliana

ssAT-SWCNT

Chloroplast

Passive

[32]

SWCNT

N. tobacum

GFP plasmid

Root

Passive

[189]

SWCNT

N. tabacum

SWCNT/FITC

Cell wall and membrane

Fluidic-phase endocytosis

[43]

SWCNT

N. benthamiana

ssRNA

Leaf

Passive

[259]

  1. CNT carbon nanotube; YFP yellow fluorescent protein; GFP green fluorescent protein; ssDNA single-stranded DNA; FITC fluorescein isothiocyanate; ssAT single-stranded A. thaliana; SWCNT single-walled carbon nanotube; ssRNA single-stranded RNA; N. tabacum Nicotiana tabacum; N. benthamiana Nicotiana benthamiana