Fig. 1
![Fig. 1](http://media.springernature.com/full/springer-static/image/art%3A10.1186%2Fs12951-022-01545-z/MediaObjects/12951_2022_1545_Fig1_HTML.png)
Signaling pathways in vaccine adjuvant-activated APCs. APC antigen presenting cells; TLR Toll-like receptors; MyD88 myeloid differentiation factor 88; TIRAP Toll-interleukin receptor (TIR) domain containing adaptor protein; TRAM TIR-domain-containing adaptor-inducing interferon-β (TRIF); and TRIF-related adaptor molecule