From: Recent advances in nanomaterial-driven strategies for diagnosis and therapy of vascular anomalies
Nano-systems | Drug delivery | Treatment modalities | Surface modification | Application | Outcome | References |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Liposomal gel | Propranolol hydrochloride | Transdermal drug delivery | – | Hemangiomas | Increase drug content in skin obviously, reduce dosing frequency compared with suspension, decrease drug content in the systemic circulation | [153] |
Polymeric film | Propranolol hydrochloride | Transdermal drug delivery | – | Hemangiomas | Enhance skin retention, increases skin permeation ability | [126] |
Cubic nanoparticles (CNPs) | Propranolol hydrochloride | Transdermal drug delivery | – | Hemangiomas | Improved drug transportation across, enhance skin retention with a decrease in the size of CNPs, possess favorable stability during storage | [127] |
Lipid polymer nanoparticles | Rapamycin | Intravenous route | Anti-VEGFR2 antibody | Hemangiomas | Released rapamycin lastingly, and inhibiting hemangiomas both in vitro and in vivo | [154] |
Poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid) (PLGA) nanoparticles | Propranolol | Intravenous route | Anti-VEGFR antibody | Hemangiomas | Anti-VEGFR antibody has a great targeted ability in HemECs and HUVECs | [25] |
Polymer–lipid hybrid nanoparticles | Rapamycin | Intravenous route | – | Hemangiomas | Sustained release of rapamycin, and significantly reduced the frequency of administration | [155] |
Exosome-mimetic nanoparticles-in-PLGA microspheres | Rapamycin | Intravenous route | – | Hemangiomas | Sustained release, efficient delivery, and therapeutic efficacy of rapamycin towards hemangiomas | [139] |
Liposomes-in-microsphere (LIM) | Propranolol | Intravenous route | – | Hemangiomas | Promising approach to efficiently and locally deliver propranolol to the hemangioma, significant inhibit the infantile hemangioma | [156] |
Poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid) (PLGA) nanoparticles | Propranolol | Intravenous route | CD133 aptamers | Hemangiomas | Significantly reduced the frequency of administration of propranolol and excellent targeted ability | [24] |
Mesoporous silica nanoparticles(MSN) | Propranolol | Intravenous route | – | Hemangiomas | PRN@MSN inhibited the growth of hemangiomas both in vitro and in vivo and induced autophagy dysfunction with excessive autophagosome accumulation | [143] |
Poly(ethylene oxide)–poly(d,l-lactic acid) (PEG-PLA)block copolymer | – | Intravenous route | Cell-penetrating peptide (CPP) | Vascular anomalies (human vascular networks) | Phototargeted NP can enhance accumulation of the NP and drug in a subcutaneous graft model of engineered vessels | [157] |
Liposomes | Sodium morrhuate | Intravenous route | Anti-VEGFR2/KDR antibody | Hemangioma | KDR-targeting sodium morrhuate immunoliposomes have an increased capacity for binding to HECs and elicit apoptotic death through the mitochondrial apoptotic cascade | [158] |
Gold nanoshells (AuNSs) | – | Intravenous route (photo-assist) | – | Venous malformation | Intravenously administered of AuNSs and then exposure by 808 nm NIR iodine laser can ablate venous malformations | [147] |
Gold nanorods (GNRs) | – | Intravenous route (photo-assist) | CD31 antibody | Venous malformation | Anti-CD31 GNRs could be applied specifically to treat venous malformations and exhibited effective ablation of PTT both in vitro and in vivo | [148] |