Fig. 3

The cytotoxicity of HA/H-I NPs in vitro. (A-B) Cell viability of RKO (A) and HCT116 (B) cells co-cultured with free IVM, HCQ, IR780, H780, and HA/H-I NPs (n = 3). (C-D) Cell viability of RKO (C) and HCT116 (D) cells co-cultured with free IR780, H780, and HA/H-I NPs with NIR laser irradiation (n = 3). (E-F) Analysis of LDH release in the co-cultured RKO (E) and HCT116 (F) cells incubated with different treatments (n = 3). (G) Representative images of colony formation of RKO and HCT116 cells after different treatments. (H) Statistical graph of colony formation of RKO and HCT116 cells after different treatments. (n = 3). (I-J) Flow cytometry results of apoptosis in RKO (I) and HCT116 (J) cells under different treatments. Data are shown as means ± SD (n = 3, one-way ANOVA). ^*P < 0.05, ^**P < 0.01, ^***P < 0.001, ns, not significant