Herbal compounds | Structural formula | Molecular formula | Molecular weight | Solubility | Nanoformulation | Biological activity | References |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Curcumin | C21H20O6 | 368.38 | Insoluble in water | Natural turmeric-derived nanovesicles | Colitis | ||
Chitosan-based nanoparticle | anti-lung cancer | [67] | |||||
Magnetic nanoparticles | Osteoarthritis; Acute Lung Injury | ||||||
Cu2-xSe-based nanoparticles | Parkinson’s Disease | [70] | |||||
Copper-curcumin nanoparticles | Rheumatoid Arthritis | [71] | |||||
Self-assembly nanoparticles | Antioxidant activity | [72] | |||||
silver nanoparticles | Anti-bacteria | [73] | |||||
Berberine | C20H18NO4+ | 336.36 | Insoluble in water | Liquid Crystalline Nanoparticle | Non-Small-Cell Lung Cancer | [74] | |
Natural Coptidis Rhizoma-derived nanovesicles | Improving the pharmacokinetics | [75] | |||||
Liposomes | Photodynamic immunotherapy resistance | [76] | |||||
Macrophage-derived exosomes | Spinal cord injury | [77] | |||||
Polymeric nanoparticles | Cardio-metabolic diseases | [78] | |||||
Chitosan | Ulcerative Colitis | [79] | |||||
Polymeric Micelles | Rheumatoid Arthritis | [80] | |||||
Self-Assembly of gallic acid and berberine | Angiogenesis; Anti-inflammatory; Antibacterial | [81] | |||||
Self-Assembly of berberine and hesperetin | Ulcerative Colitis | [82] | |||||
Self-assembled of berberine derivatives and rhamnolipids | Anti-Helicobacter pylori | [84] | |||||
Self-Assemblies of berberine and Cinnamic Acid | Antibacterial | [85] | |||||
Celastrol | C29H38O4 | 450.61 | Insoluble in water | Polymeric nanoparticles | Corneal Stromal Fibrosis; Antiobesity; Corneal allograft | ||
Inflammation-targeted polymeric nanomicelles | Rheumatoid arthritis | [88] | |||||
Mesangial cells-targeted albumin nanoparticle | Mesangioproliferative glomerulonephritis | [89] | |||||
Enzyme-responsive nanoparticles | Arthritic joints | [90] | |||||
ROS-responsive polymeric nanoparticles | Rheumatoid arthritis | [91] | |||||
Nanoemulsion | Melanoma | [92] | |||||
Self-assembled polyethylene glycols | Anticancer | [94] | |||||
Silk Fibroin Nanoparticles | Pancreatic Cancer | [95] | |||||
Quercetin | C15H10O7 | 302.24 | Insoluble in water | Cu2- x Se-based nanoparticles | Parkinson’s Disease | [105] | |
Magnetic nanoparticles modified exosome | Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus | [97] | |||||
Octahedral ceria nanoparticles | Periodontal Inflammation | [98] | |||||
A Glutathione-activated Self-assembled nanoparticles | Anticancer | [100] | |||||
Chitosan | Mucositis; Antioxidant; Antibacterial | ||||||
Self-assembly of quercetin with amino acids and metal ion | Alzheimer’s disease | [96] | |||||
Self-assembled quercetin-Fe3 + nanoparticles | Anticancer | [102] | |||||
Self-assembled quercetin supramolecular nanoribbons | Intestinal inflammatory diseases | [103] | |||||
Assembling Quercetin-ferrum nanoparticles | Photothermal therapy | [104] | |||||
Triptolide | C20H24O6 | 360.40 | Insoluble in water | A Glutathione-activated Self-assembled nanoparticles | Anticancer | [100] | |
Inflammation-Targeted Polymeric Micelles | Collagen Induced Arthritis | [105] | |||||
Engineered exosomes | Melanoma | ||||||
Dendritic cell-derived exosomes | Colitis; rheumatoid arthritis | [108] | |||||
Light-activatable liposomes | Anti-hepatocellular carcinoma | [109] | |||||
polymeric nanoparticles | Collagen-induced arthritis | [110] | |||||
Hydrogels | Rheumatoid Arthritis | [111] | |||||
Metal–organic framework | Melanoma | [112] | |||||
Baicalin | C21H18O11 | 446.36 | Slightly soluble in water | Assembly of Baicalin | Anti-Obesity | [113] | |
Self-Assembly of baicalin and sanguinarine | Antibacterial and wound healing | [83] | |||||
Macrophage-targeting polymeric nanoparticles | Melanoma | [114] | |||||
Polymeric nanofiber | Vascularized bone regeneration | [115] | |||||
Hydrogel | Calvarial Bone Repair | [116] | |||||
Carbon dots | Anticancer | [117] | |||||
Emodin | C15H10O5 | 270.24 | Insoluble in water | Adipocytes-targeting polymeric nanoparticles | Anti-Obesity | [118] | |
Ferrimagnetic polymeric micelles | Magnetic hyperthermia-chemotherapy | [119] | |||||
Biomimetic nanocrystals | Anticancer | [120] | |||||
Self assembly of emodin and albumin | Photodynamic Therapy | [121] | |||||
Self-assembling Nanofibers | Retinal Ischemia–Reperfusion Injury | [122] | |||||
Puerarin | C21H20O9 | 416.38 | Slightly soluble in water | Chitosan | Antimicrobial peptides; Wound healing in diabetes | ||
Hydrogel | Uveal Melanoma; Heart Repair | ||||||
Selenium-layered nanoparticles | Antidiabetic | [127] | |||||
Tetrahedral Framework | Osteonecrosis | [128] | |||||
Resveratrol | C14H12O3 | 228.24 | Insoluble in water | Biomimetic nano-delivery system | Colorectal cancer | [129] | |
Polymeric nanoparticles | Alleviates Alzheimer's Disease; Neuroprotective effect; Macular degeneration | ||||||
Nanoparticles prepared by polysaccharides | Antioxidant;Anticancer | [132] | |||||
tetrahedral framework nucleic acids | Diabetic Peripheral Neuropathy | [133] | |||||
Macrophage exosomes | Multiple sclerosis | [135] | |||||
Chitosan | Antibacterial; Antioxidant activity; Cholesterol-lowering | ||||||
Polymeric nanoparticles | Rheumatoid arthritis | [138] | |||||
Rosmarinic acid | C18H16O8 | 360.31 | Soluble in water | Natural Rosmarinic Acid-derived nanovesicles | Inflammatory Bowel Disease | [139] | |
Self assembly of rosmarinic Acid | Synergistic Photoimmunotherapy | [140] | |||||
Polymeric nanoparticles | Inflammatory bowel disease | [141] | |||||
Electrospinning nanofibers | Wound healing | [142] | |||||
Chitosan | Antioxidant; Anti-inflammatory; Photoprotective properties | [143] |