Table 1 Nanozyme in oral bacterial infections

Ferumoxytol (Fer)

Tooth decay

Researchers Investigated the use of topical Fer as a nanozyme to prevent dental caries (tooth decay) by killing bacteria and disrupting biofilm

[90, 92, 93]

Dex-NZM

Severe caries

Researchers presented dextran-coated iron oxide nanoparticles (Dex-NZM) that exhibit potent catalytic (POD-like) activity at acidic pH levels, selectively target biofilms to prevent severe caries, and do so in vivo without affecting adjacent oral tissues

[95]

Glucose-OXD

Dental caries

Utilize a nanohybrid system to increase intrinsic H₂O₂ production and induce pH-dependent ROS generation to effectively target biofilm virulence under pathological (sugar-rich/acidic)

[96]

Iron oxide nanozymes or iron sulfide nanozymes

Dental caries

Integrating H₂O₂-producing bacteria and FeSN could potentially offer a novel approach to eradicating oral biofilms during dental caries therapy

[98]